Reported speech
الكلام المنقول (الغير مُباشر)
* What’s the
direct speech?
* ما هو
الكلام المباشر؟
-
Direct speech is the exact words of the speaker.
- يُعد
الكلام المباشر بمثابة الكلمات الفعلية للمتحدث.
* What’s the
reported (indirect) speech?
* ما هو
الكلام المنقول (الغير مباشر)؟
-Reported
speech is the words of a speaker reported by another person.
- يُعد الكلام الغير مباشر بمثابة كلاماً منقولاً
عن المتحدث ولكن عن طريق شخص آخر قام بنقل الكلام.
اليكم بعض الأمثلة لتوضيح المقدمة:
Statementالخبرية
1- My name
is AbdelRahman. (Direct)
اسمي عبد الرحمن
* He said
his name is AbdelRahman. (Reported-indirect)
قال أن اسمه عبد الرحمن
2-
I’m a receptionist in a hotel. (Direct)
أنا موظف استقبال بفندق
*
He said that he was a receptionist in a hotel. (Reported)
قال أنه موظف استقبال بفندق
** ما هي التغييرات في الضمائر **
* I _______ he, she * we ________ they
*
You _______ I, they, them * my ______
his, her
*
Our ________ their * me
______ him, her
*
mine _______ his, hers * us
_______ them
*
Ours _______ theirs * your
____ my, their
*
Yours ______ theirs
** ما هي التغييرات
في الأزمنة **
* Present simple _____________ Past
simple
(Am, is, are) ______ (was, were) // (goes ___
went)
* Past simple _______________ Past
perfect
(Was ______had been) // (went _______had gone)
* Present continuous ________ past
continuous
(am, is, are eating) __________ (was, were
eating)
* Past continuous ____________past
perfect continuous
(was, were eating) ___________ had been
eating
* Present perfect _____________ Past
perfect
(has, have
come) ____________) had come
* Present perfect continuous____ past perfect continuous
(has, have
been working____ had been working
* Past perfect ______________past
perfect
(had eaten)
________________ (had eaten)
*
Can, will, may, must _____could, would, might, had to
*
Tell ____ told * say ___said من غير مفعول
* say
______said to مفعول
1- He told
me, “I’m leaving”.
-
He told me that he was leaving.
أخبرني بأنه غادر
2-
“I’ve never seen a film,” said the boy.
-
The boy said (that) he had never seen a
film.
قال الصبى بأنه لم يرى الفيلم من قبل
3-
“I’m going home,” said Gana.
-
Gana said (that) she was going
home.
قالت جنة بأنها ذاهبة الى المنزل
4-
“I will do my homework later,” Nourhan told Mum.
-
Nourhan told Mum (that) she would do her homework later.
أخبرت نورهان والدتها بأنها ستؤجل عمل واجباتها
5-
“I had finished my duties,” said Ahmed.
-
Ahmed said that he had finished his duties.
قال أحمد بأنه أنتهى من واجباته
* Reported Requests and Orders (Command) *
* الجملة
الأمرية (الغير مباشر) *
1- Close
your books اقفلوا الكتب أمر
مباشر
2- Don’t
worry. لا تقلق
3-
Open the window. افتح
الشباك
4-
Keep quiet. حافظوا على
الهدوء
سنرى الآن ماذا نفعل عند التحويل:
1- “Close
your books,” said the teacher.
-
The teacher told us to close our
books.
أخبرنا المدرس أن نغلق كتبنا
-
The teacher told them to close
their books.
أخبرهم المدرس أن يغلقوا كتبهم
-
The teacher told her to close her
books.
أخبرها المدرس أن تغلق كتبها
2-
“Don’t talk in class,” said the teacher.
-
The teacher asked us not to talk in class
سألني المدرس ألا أتكلم في الفصل
نلاحظ هنا أننا وضعناnot to قبل الفعل لأنه منفى
3- “Don’t
worry about the exam,” My sister told me.
-
My sister told me not to worry about the exam.
أخبرتني أختي أن لا أقلق بشأن الامتحانات
4-
“Answer the questions,” the teacher asked me.
-
The teacher asked me to answer the
questions.
سألني المدرس أن أجاوب على الأسئلة